Early studies on development. Baldwin contributions to the knowledge of human development.

University of the Republic. Faculty of Humanities and Education Sciences.

Psychology evolutionary I third semester April 2002

Ana María Castro Luca

Item 2

Early studies on development.

Baldwin contributions to the knowledge of human development.

The word psychology appears for the first time in 1696 and decides to call science

The history of science is what is known about the objects, history of psychology is everything you should know about the subject philosophy is the history of these answers and is the mother of the two.

Psychology is the science dealing with the relationship between subject and object, and that form reaches the subject to the object.The most starts of the common trunk of Plato (427-347 BC) (idealist) that marked the difference between body and soul affirming that the world of ideas existed if same and Aristóteles (empiricist) .afirmaba no, the mind and the soul were always together.

Hippocrates (460-377 BC) claimed that the good personality and good health depended on the four humours: sangre-flema - black bile and yellow bile.

Leibniz wrote two treaties: the empirical psychology (1732) and the rational Psychology (1734)

In the 18th century stands Friedrich Herbart, because he made a connection with education.

Kant (18th century) stated that the ideas depended on the time, space, relation, quantity and quality.

Loocke (S.)(XVIII) said that the origin of the ideas involved sensations produced by the environment.

Still these two perspectives between modern and experimental psychologists.

Some say the physical structure to control human behavior (Pavlov-Skinner and Watson)

And others, the purpose, the desire, the ideas are so powerful as physical elo (Köhler, Dougall)

Conditioned reflex Pavlov(condicinamiento_clásico)

Skinner (operant conditioning)

The first psychologist who gave him a turn to experimental psychology was Wundt in Germany (1879-1880) which dealt with the structural analysis of consciousness and not with the development and their functions. Functional psychology and Behaviorism emerged with Wunt had followed the footsteps of functional biology, development problems would have received the highest priority in this science.

He used the Introspección(personas_entrenadas_para_mirar_se_hacia_dentro_en_los_procesos_mentales)

The subject described how he felt, as he processed his ideas against a present object.

He described his vision, he had no rigour, because each one said what I wanted.

It was called experimental laboratory. Did not far, impossible to coordinate what each individual said.

In the mid-19th century appear three key works that addressed the concern of the momento(¿Qué_pasaba_con_la_mente_humana?)

Until the middle of the century, studies of human nature - were philosophically contentious even until today.

The study of the physical body, scientifically reflected in 3 works which condense the psychological thoughts (Decade of 1860):

-          Darwin who writes: the origin of species written.(that explains the efforts to mark the differences between man and animal)

-          Fechner: quantitatively describing the contents of the mind.

-          Sechenov: speaking of reflexes of the brain (links natural scientific studies of animals with men)

Issues that will address psychology in the 2nd half of the 19th century.

The relationship between: animal and human behaviour

Environmental and mental events (Wunt)

Physiological and psychological processes.

The different currents took either partial responses.

Wunt "Laboratory of PS. Experimental(1879-80)"

-description of the content of consciousness in relation to environmental stimuli.

-          Method: instropectivo - elements of the structure of consciousness.

-          Reaction: in Russia and EE. Study of the conducta-reflejo conditional UU.

Blocks simple combination with complex blocks











Humans and animals











-Gestal: intellectual and perceptual phenomenaor by simple elements

of consciousness, or

responses of the conduct.

In this theory are blocks. Talk about intellectual and perceptual, global phenomena to the inverse of Wunt.

Darwuin: Humans and animals are regulated by laws of nature.

Fechner: gives an example of descriptive law of how(related physical facts and )

(mental)

Secher: physiological theory of mental facts.

(All items to take psychology).

Original Secher: teoría fisiológica de los hechos mentales